Ecological component of sustainable development of zaporizhia region

Prokhorova Larysa Anatoliyivna

Candidate of Geological Sciences, Associate Professor Associate Professor of Physical Geography and Geology

Bohdan Khmelnytsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University

Ecological component of sustainable development of zaporizhia region

Sustainable development is currently the most common concept of interaction between society and nature, which is now guided by the advanced countries of the world.

In general, sustainable development means economically, socially and ecologically balanced development of certain territories and urban and rural settlements (settlements) located on them, aimed at the coordinated formation and functioning of their economic, social and environmental components based on the rational use of all resources (natural, labor, production, scientific and technical, information, etc. [1]

According to the generally accepted definition, the development of society can be considered «sustainable» if it allows to meet the needs of present generations without harming the opportunities for future generations to meet their own needs.

O.A. Teryanyk identifies three components of sustainable development: economic, social, environmental [6] (Table 1).

Consider in more detail the state and problems of the environmental component of sustainable development on the example of the Zaporizhia region. In his work Nesterenko S.A. [4] the environmental component of sustainable development includes such categories as environmental impact,

regional environmental management and environmental systems.

It is a priori accepted that the sustainable development of any region and the achievement of a high quality of life is possible only if the preservation of natural systems and a favorable environment. It is from the level of environmental friendliness of the use of natural potential that the solutions of many problems that determine the future of Ukraine in general and the Zaporizhia region in particular, as one of its subjects, depend.

Namely, consideration of development trends in the regions of southern Ukraine, their compliance with the criteria of sustainable development, balance of social, economic and environmental aspects in order to preserve the welfare and development opportunities of present and future generations ‒ an urgent task. It should be noted that all three of the above components of sustainable development are equally integral and closely related. However, only the first two elements of economic and social are actually development. The third element, environmental, serves as a necessary criterion to which economic and social

development must meet in order to be sustainable.

Substantiating the relationship between development and ecology as inseparable concepts, representatives of science, foreign and domestic experts adhere to the conceptual position that the environment is a place of our life, and development is an action to improve our well-being in it [2,3,4] .

In fact, the process of degradation of natural resources, environmental pollution, reduction of biological diversity reflect the state of the regions of southern Ukraine have become the root cause of the need to discuss and address environmental issues in the context of sustainable development [6,7].

Because the social and economic development of society is largely related to nature, it is a constant and powerful factor in a variety of harmful effects on it. In this regard, to ensure the sustainability of development requires accounting and compliance with environmental requirements, which leads to the creation of an effective management and supervision system in the field of environmental protection and nature management [1].

The aggravation of the ecological situation in the Zaporizhia region is due to the concentration of ecologically dangerous types of economic activity. Per capita emissions of pollutants are almost 102 kg, which is almost 2 times higher than the national average (in Ukraine ‒ 59 kg.). The high level of pollution of water resources and atmospheric air is carried out mainly by enterprises of the metallurgical industry [5].

The main environmental problems of the region remain: pollution of surface water bodies by untreated and insufficiently treated return waters of metallurgical enterprises and housing and communal services, in connection with which it is urgent to maintain, maintain existing and build new treatment plants in the industrial sector and housing and communal services; the local nature of air protection measures carried out by polluting enterprises and do not allow to achieve an environmental effect sufficient to improve the air quality of the region, in connection with which it is necessary to modernize industrial production, namely in the field of metallurgy and energy. In addition, it is necessary to create and expand the existing network of enterprises for the production of renewable energy sources; the presence of significant amounts of accumulated waste, lack of capacity for disposal or disposal, as well as places for their disposal, so the main priorities are to reduce the amount of waste disposed of, ensure environmentally sound management and timely detection of negative consequences of waste accumulation.

Based on the above data and materials of previous studies on the state of greening the economy, we can conclude that the environmental indicators of economic development in the Zaporizhia region is not sustainable. The environmental impact of production and consumption in the region is growing, but spending on environmental issues remains low.

It should be noted that the potential of Zaporizhia region for the rational use of natural resources, as well as for the use of innovative conservation technologies is great. This is evidenced by a number of documents, including the «Strategy of regional development of Zaporizhia region for the period up to 2027» and the materials of the III specialized International Zaporizhia environmental forum

«Ecoforum – 2020», May 28-30, 2020 in Zaporizhia.

Thus, the «Strategy of regional development of Zaporizhia region for the period up to 2027» on environmental safety and conservation of natural resources of Zaporizhia region, the following tasks are declared: reduction of discharge into natural water bodies of untreated and insufficiently treated wastewater; reduction of air pollution through the implementation of innovative projects using alternative energy sources; ensuring a sustainable waste management infrastructure; development of new waste processing and utilization facilities; creation of new and expansion of existing territories and objects of the nature reserve fund; organization and implementation of an open system for monitoring the environment, in particular atmospheric air, water, soil; introduction of a system of informing the population about the state of the environment [5].

In our opinion, the proposed vector of tasks fully complies with the principles of eco-development. The essence of eco-development lies in ecologically oriented socio-economic development, in which the growth of human well-being is not accompanied by the deterioration of the environment and the degradation of natural systems.

The transition to sustainable development will require coordinated action in all spheres of life in the region, adequate reorientation of social, economic and environmental institutions, while taking into account local characteristics.

Thus sustainable development of the Zaporizhia region as a whole is possible only if sustainable development of all its cities and areas will be provided. Science should be given great importance in creating the methodological and technological basis of these transformations.

References:

1. Вахович І.М. Фінансова політика сталого розвитку регіону: методологія формування та механізми реалізації: монографія. Луцьк: Надстир’я, 496 c.


2. Кононенко О.Ю. Актуальні проблеми сталого розвитку: навчально-методичний посібник. К.: ДП «Прінт сервіс», 109 с.


3. Непша О.В. Екологічні аспекти сталого розвитку Запорізької області. Третя Міжнародна науково-практична конференція «Екологічні проблеми навколишнього середовища та раціонального природокористування в контексті сталого розвитку» : збірник матеріалів (22-23 жовтня 2020, м. Херсон, Україна). Херсон : «ОЛДІ-ПЛЮС», 2020. С.862-865


4. Нестеренко Н.С. Оцінка сталого розвитку Запорізької області. Вісник Херсонського державного університету. Серія. Економічні науки. Вип. Ч. 3. 2015. С.78-80.


5. Стратегія регіонального розвитку Запорізької області на період до 2027 року URL: https://www.zoda.gov.ua/news/48277/strategiya- regionalnogo-rozvitku-na-period-do-2027-roku.html (дата звернення 08.2021)


6. Теряник О.А. Оцінювання сталого екологічного розвитку регіону. Ефективна  економіка.  №5. URL: http://www.economy.nayka.com.ua/?op=1&z=4103 (дата звернення 24.08.2021)

1. Nepsha O., Levada O., Arsenenko I., Donchenko L., Prokhorova L. Environmental aspects of sustainable Theoretical and applied aspects of sustainable development. Monograph 33. Katowice: Publishing House of Katowice School of Technology, 2020. Р.140-146.